In 1708, the talented and far-sighted Emperor Kangxi invited a group of western missionaries in China to conduct survey and draw map of China. The national surveying and mapping program was finished after nearly ten years’ arduous work. According to the data of this large-scale survey, Kangxi Emperor ordered to map “Atlas of the Chinese Empire”, the first map with longitude and latitude network in Chinese history and had epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese cartography. When European missionaries conducted survey and drafted the map, they sent a large number of documents and information including maps to Europe. Based mainly on the measured data from China, the most important mapmaker in 18th century France Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d’ Anville (1697-1782) painted the “Atlas of the Chinese Empire” in 1734. Then with the same data he drew Nouvel atlas de la Chine, de la Tartarie chinoise et du Thibet which was published in Hague in 1737. The map of China by d’ Anville was very accurate, since it was chiefly based on the measured data. His map of China had been regarded as the classic until the beginning of 19 century. There marked Guangzhou (Qung Tcheou), the capital of then Guangdong province (Qung Tcheou), and Humen (Hou-men). Another island located in the outer sea of the Pearl River estuary was marked as “Macao”.  

This map is copied from Nouvel Atlas de la Chine, de la Tartarie Chinoise et du Thibet from the Harvard University Library (D5708_D85). The map is provided by Du Halde Description geographique, historique, chronologique et, plysique de L'Empire de La Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise; the map, hence, was collected by both. 

Reference:

^[1]. 汪前進, 劉若芳整理. (2007). 《康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝全國總圖的繪製》代序. 清廷三大實測全圖集. 北京: 外文出版社.

^[2]. Moreland, C. (1989). Antique maps (3rd ed., pp. 132-133). Oxford: Phaidon Christie's.

^[3]. Landry-Deron, I. (2002). La preuve par la Chine: La 'Description' de J.-B. Du Halde, jésuite, 1735. Paris: Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales.